\paperw1800 \margr0\margl0 \plain \fs20 \f1 \fs22 \b 16th cent.\b0 û Beginning of the conquest of the Maghreb by the Christian kings of Spain.\par
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\b 1525\b0 û Conquest
of Algiers by the \b \cf4 \ATXht10561010 Ottoman corsairs\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 led by the Barbarossa brothers.\par
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\b 1527 \b0 û Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V, emperor of Germany and king of Spain.\par
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\b 1541\b0 û Defeat of the Span
ish fleet of Charles by the Ottoman corsairs. The sultanate of Istanbul bestows on ad-Din Barbarossa the official title ôBeylerbey,ö emir of emirs, formally recognizing his sovereignty over almost the whole of the Maghreb.